Ronald Reagans Role in Ending the Cold War Essay

In the minds of many Americans Ronald Reagan is the president that ended the Cold War, but is this view accurate? They claim Reagans unprecedented military spending forced the Soviets to crumble. However, many critics of the presidents outspending theory claim that the Russian economy would have imploded without such spending, and a military buildup of that kind did nothing but delay peace. Although, Reagans willingness to negotiate was a clear factor in ending the Cold War, his aggressive arms race may have done more to forestall peace than abet it. The ascendance of Mikhail Gorbachev to power, the stagnating economy of Russia, and the personal friendship forged between Gorbachev and Reagan were the clear factors that contributed to†¦show more content†¦What would happen if the cash stopped flowing to the defense industry giants? Well, we will never know because since the Reagan Era, the United States government has never stopped pouring billions into the defense industry, and today spends almost a quarter of its annual budget on defense. On the other hand, Reagan supporters will contend that this sent a message to the Soviets that they would be hard-pressed to compete and that it had a psychological impact on the Russians, but it was still not the most effective means of collapsing the Soviet Empire. Reagans infamous aggressive, but to-the-point rhetoric was both a positive and a negative in bringing about the demise of the Soviet Union. Combined with the massive arms race that Reagan had ignited (with the United States doing most of the racing), the presidents harsh words scared Russian leaders of an eminent attack. Constantly referring to the USSR as an evil empire, was somewhat counterproductive. But Reagans challenging rhetoric served mostly as a positive factor in ending the Cold War. He was not one to beat around the bush, and demanded results. Perhaps his most famous line was when he went to Berlin and commanded, Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall. Reagan also new that only taking the hard-line approach would not succeed in bringing about peace and he was willing to tone down the brashness of his remarks in return for results. This is most evident in his summit meetingsShow MoreRelatedIb Hl History Ia1632 Words   |  7 PagesHistory Internal Assessment Was President Ronald Reagan the reason for the Cold War’s conclusion? Word Count: 1,634 Was President Ronald Reagan the reason for the Cold War’s conclusion? A. Plan of Investigation This investigation focuses on the impact that President Ronald Reagan had on ending the Cold War between the United States of America and the Soviet Union during the 1980’s. The use of historian argumentation, primary sources, such as Ronald Reagan’s Address to the Nation on Defense and NationalRead MoreThe Life And Career Of Ronald Reagan1686 Words   |  7 PagesLife and Career of Ronald Reagan Colorado State University – Global Campus HST 300 Jared Faurschou Introduction Ronald Wilson Reagan, elected as the 40th President of the United States of America in 1980. Became one of the most beloved and revered President in modern times. He’s most known for bringing the end to the Cold War and helping bring an end to major communist activities in the world. There were several of Reagan’s policies that had an impact on ending the Cold War. In order to bringRead MoreJimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan Analysis1118 Words   |  5 PagesRonald Reagan Analysis Paper HIS/145 January / 2014 â€Æ' Ronald Reagan was born in 1911 and died in 2004 the former president of the United States from 1981 to 1989 was also the governor of California from 1967 to 1975. Many people have mixed feelings of Ronald Reagan. Some did not like that Reagan was an actor before he became president of the United States. Attempted assassination In 1981 President Ronald Reagan survived an assassination attempt. The time was estimated around 2:25 p.mRead MoreThe Role Ronald Reagan Had in ending the Cold War Essay1852 Words   |  8 PagesThe purpose of this investigation is to determine the role Ronald Reagan had in ending the Cold War. This topic is important because now that it is becoming accepted that Reagan had a goal in mind of ending communism when he became president, it is time to determine the way he accomplished the task of ending the Cold War. The research will focus primarily on deciding whether or not it was through exploiting Soviet vulnerabilities, negotiations, or a military build-up. In answering the inquiry questionRead MoreRonald Reagan s Accomplishments And Accomplishments1509 Words   |  7 Pages2017 Ronald Reagan Era From Hollywood to the White House, Ronald Reagan has always been a public favorite, especially among presidential history. Many people view him as an iconic political figure, who made bold decisions as part of his leadership. Reagan has been credited with numerous feats and failures, such as, reducing the poverty rate by cutting taxes and increasing defense spending, negotiating a nuclear arms reduction agreement with the Soviets to bring a quicker end to the Cold War, andRead MoreContributions to the End of the Cold War1389 Words   |  6 PagesArrived, at the End of the War On Christmas Day 1991, at 7:35 p.m., the Soviet flag flying over the Kremlin was lowered and replaced by the new Russian Federation flag. The USSR officially ceased to exist on December 31, 1991. The fall of the Soviet Union signified the end of the Cold War (Nye 2). Obviously, this was a huge moment in our world’s history; a 44-year-old tension between two of the most powerful countries in the world, which almost brought us to a combative war, was destroyed. But howRead MoreRonald Reagan s Accomplishments And Accomplishments1514 Words   |  7 Pages2017 Ronald Reagan Era From Hollywood to the White House, Ronald Reagan has always been a public favorite, especially among presidential history. Many people view him as an iconic political figure, who made bold decisions as part of his leadership. Reagan has been credited with numerous feats and failures, such as, reducing the poverty rate by cutting taxes and increasing defense spending, negotiating a nuclear arms reduction agreement with the Soviets to bring a quicker end to the Cold War, andRead MoreRonald Reagan Prolonged The Cold War Essay1539 Words   |  7 Pagesfactor which played a part in ending the Cold War was the internal unrest of the Soviet Union. Also the ever changing system we know now as International Relations had a role in the conclusion of this time period. I will additionally argue the antithesis of the question and explain how Ronald Reagan prolonged the Cold War. Response: During the Second World War, USA and the Soviet Union came together against a common enemy. It was the immediate events after the War which lead to renewed tensionsRead MoreThe Definition Of The Word Hero As A Man Admired For His Achievements And Noble Qualities1319 Words   |  6 Pagesachievements and noble qualities†. This definition is a perfect portrait former United States president Ronald Reagan. During his presidency, Reagan showed that he was this man through his patriotism, family values and faith in God, achieving economic prosperity and peace and stability during international turmoil. Explaining why he is one of America’s most revered presidents to date. Ronald Wilson Reagan was born on February 6, 1911 to parents John ‘Jack’ and Nelle Reagan along with older brotherRead MoreRonald Reagan s President Of The United States1129 Words   |  5 Pagesthe American people elected Ronald Reagan as President of the United States of America. Many people claim that Reagan was one of the greatest presidents of all time, while others believe that the country would have been much better off had Reagan never been elected. Regardless of their political preferences, it is undeniable that Ronald Reagan changed the world in the 1980s and his work as president will be forever remembered in the countless books of history. Ronald Reagan ran as a Republican

Semiotic Analysis of Television Show Dexter - 1494 Words

Semiotic Analysis of Television Show Dexter Semiotics is the study of meaning. There are many aspects that go into developing a semiotic analysis. They include signs, a signifier and signified, codes, opposition, code confusion, intertexuality, paradigms, and syntagyms. Before delving into the analysis, the meaning of each of these terms and their relation to semiotics must be made clear. A sign could be anything that stands for something else. A signifier is the physical object that represents something else, while the signified is the image the object relays. Codes are a set of rules that govern everything. Opposition, or binary opposition, which is used in this analysis, is when two things or people are used as opposites†¦show more content†¦Eventually after a few sessions and some snooping around, Dexter learns that Emmet counseled those three women and many others into committing suicide. This discovery led Dexter to murder the psychiatrist. Psychiatrists are often referred to as shrinks. The title Shr ink Wrap was a sign and form of foreshadowing of Dexters next murder victim. Like all his victims Dexter wrapped Emmet down to a table, which this time was in Emmets own office, and covered the room with shrinkwrap which is used to prevent dust or in this case blood from spattering onto the floor or couches. Then he took a blood sample to save for his file and proceeded to murder Emmet in the very place he counseled others into returning home and killing themselves. Codes are another important aspect of this semiotic analysis. The main set of codes this episode deals with is between good and evil. These codes can also be viewed at times as paradigms because of the way the codes are setup. The idea of good versus evil is apparent in the battle Dexter wages against serial killers. Dexter sets out to kill those, such as the therapist, who are taking advantage of others, or who have actually murdered others as in previous episodes. This raises the question, might Dexter actually be a good person? Although he may only be murdering those who deserve it, he is still committing one of the most gruesome crimes possible with no remorse. Dexter even describesShow MoreRelatedBeyond Visual Metaphor. a New Typology of Visual Rhetoric in Advertising9528 Words   |  39 Pagessuch consumer responses as elaboration and belief change. The article concludes with a discussion of the importance of marrying textual analysis, as found in literary, semiotic and rhetorical disciplines, with the experimental methodology characteristic of social and cognitive psychology. Key Words advertising figurative speech image metaphor picture rhetoric semiotics typology †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Introduction A distinctive feature of advertising, relative to other contemporary forms of human communicationRead MoreUGT in the 21st Century14999 Words   |  60 Pagescommunication has revived the significance of uses and gratifications. In fact, uses and gratifications has always provided a cutting-edge theoretical approach in the initial stages of each new mass communications medium: newspapers, radio and television, and now the Internet. Although scientists are likely to continue using traditional tools and typologies to answer questions about media use, we must also be prepared to expand our current theoretical models of uses and gratifications. Contemporary

Competitive Business Environment - Social Media

Question: Discuss about the Competitive Business Environment, Social Media. Answer: Introduction: In the present competitive business environment, social media has provided huge challenges for the organizations to handle. Since, it has been identified that social media plays a key role in developing effective marketing and promotional technique. Thus, popularity of the businesses heavily depends on the utilization strategy of social media. Since, every organization is focusing on the utilization of social media. Organizations have to implement an innovative decision making process so that it can able to create a positive impact on the business. Furthermore, constituency of internet-based tools has modified the way consumers communicate the process of word-of-mouth marketing. This has created huge amount of challenges for the marketers in utilizing effective decision-making procedure. Problem statement: Many studies have highlighted the fact that decision-making strategy can actually have serious impact on the business perspective of an organization. However, there is no unique way to implement effective decision-making procedure. Therefore, organizations have to focus on all the factors in order to implement the best possible decision-making procedure for the organization. Furthermore, emergence of social media is relatively a new concept. Therefore, any impact of social media must have to take in to account, as it will influence the shape of the marketing strategy. As per the article by Hutter et al. (2013), marketing strategy is a broad concept that covers consumer behavior, marketing mix, value creation, relationship marketing and organizational orientation. Thus, organizations decision-making procedure must have to cover each of the areas effectively. Otherwise, it will create challenges in the business procedure of the organizations. Research aim: The major of aim of this investigation is to highlight the impact that effective decision-making procedure on social media can have on the businesses. Research objectives: The research objectives are as follows: 1. To evaluate the kind of impact that social media can have on the business perspectives on an organization 2. To examine the extent, social media has influenced decision-making procedure of the organizations 3. To suggest decision-making strategies that can help organizations to cope up with the challenges of increasing popularity of social media Research questions: The research questions are as follows: What kind of impact social media can have on the business perspectives on an organization? What extent social media can influence decision-making procedure of the organizations? What will be the suggested decision-making strategies that can help organizations to cope up with the challenges of increasing popularity of social media? Literature review: Impact of the emergence of social media: As per the article by Aral, Dellarocas Godes (2013) social media represent a internet-based group where people can share their thoughts and believes much more effectively. The emergence of social media has drastically changed the marketing landscape in the past decade. Before the emergence of social media, organizations and customers has no direct link with each other. However, the emergence of social media has completely revolutionized the way organizations promote their products and services in the market. According to Saaty Vargas (2013) emergence of social media not only changed the procedure by which customers interacts with each other but also with the organizations. The emergence of social media has increased the importance of word-of-mouth communication strategy. Since, every customer can actually share their opinion regarding a particular product and services in front of whole world. Therefore, it can actually affect the buying decision of customers (Venkataraman Das, 201 3). Furthermore, social media tools and platforms allow users to recommend, share contents and also positive and negative experiences in a much more effective way. Gensler et al. (2013) highlighted that emergence of social media increases the importance of virtual communities. In fact, it has become an integral part of everyones present life. The massive impact of social media induced people to visit there social media account many times in a day. Furthermore, as mentioned by Halpern Gibbs (2013) customers are more likely to be participating than watching. Now, emergence of social media has given a platform to the people where they can transform themselves from being customers as viewers to customers as participants. This shift in behavior highlighted the increasing importance of social media. Thus, it has certainly influenced organizations to reconsider their decision-making strategy in order to provide customers a chance to participate in the marketing procedure. As per the article by Wang, Yu Wei (2012) the relationship between customer decision-making and social media reflects that the emergence of social media has its affect on brand attitudes, advertising attitudes and purchasing intention of the customers. Thus, social media can certainly affects the buying behavior of the customers. Development of proper brand attitude in social media can lead customers to select a particular brand for purchases. Furthermore, social media is a two-way communication process. Therefore, it also helps customers to make suggestions that can actually enhance the popularity of a particular product or services. According to Bertot, Jaeger Hansen (2012) emergence of social media has opened a completely new platform for the organizations to utilize in order to get competitive advantage in the market. In fact, many studies have mentioned that social media is not only a tool for marketing but also is an effective tool for a product or brand to connect with its p otential customers. Furthermore, social media is providing a global platform for the organizations to promote a particular or service. Thus, organizations also have to keep in mind that their promotional campaign on social media does not focus on any particular geographical area or community of the world. Emergence of social media has also help organizations to understand insight of the customers in a better way (Grajales et al., 2014). Therefore, it allows organizations to implement necessary changes in the business decision procedure in a much more effective way. Importance of effective decision-making strategy: As per the article by Rodriguez, Peterson Krishnan (2012) decision-making strategies heavily depend on needs and perspectives of the customers. Now, emergence of social media has changed the marketing procedure completely. Since, traditional marketing primarily focus on the utilization of one-way communication process. However, emergence of social media has induced organizations to implement two way marketing technique in order to remain competitive in the market. According to Fotis, Buhalis Rossides (2012) two-way communication is extremely important for the fulfillment of marketing objectives. Therefore, it also affected the decision-making procedure of the organizations. For instance, organizations like Microsoft and Coca-Cola have consciously evaluating their decisions through the feedbacks of the customers. As per the article by Tsimonis Dimitriadis (2014), impact of social media on the process of management decision making can be very extensive. Since, social media have the potential to alter opinions of the people and influence the choices. Therefore, it creates direct impact on the managers decision-making procedure. Furthermore, increase utilization of two-way communication process in the marketing techniques has forced organizations to made lot of changes in their decision-making procedure (Croteau Hoynes, 2013). Media and social phenomenon appear relevant for the impact of the expanded utilization of web-based social media on organizational decision-making procedure. Schroeder Pennington-Gray (2015) mentioned different theories such as crowd behavior theory, media richness theory, peer pressure theory, conformity theory, communications saturation theory and convergence theory. Since, these theories have mentioned that it is necessary for the organization to change its decision-making procedure so that it can able to face the challenges of the market successfully. As per the media richness theory, organizations decisions have to include message clarity, social perceptions and ability to evaluate other outside factors on the quality of decision-making procedure (Harrigan et al., 2015). This theory emphasizes on the social perceptions and perceived ability to analyze the needs of the market. On the other hand, communication saturation theory focuses on the utilization of new and advance techniques for the communication so that it can able to cope up with the change in the perception of the customers. Furthermore, emergence of social media has created broader scope for the word-of-mouth communication. Studies have also identified that social media can also create new forms of peer pressure that are very vast as compared to face-to-face situations. However, emergence of social media has also influence organizations to consider the inputs of the peers in order to implement effective decision-making procedure (Hays, Page Buhalis, 2013). Furthermore , emergence of social media has induced organizations to utilize unique marketing techniques. For instance, attractive blogs and gripping tweets have become an integral part of decision-making procedure of the organizations. Particularly for the younger generation, utilizations of blogs and tweets have created huge amount of impact on the popularity of a particular product or service. Literature gap: From the above discussion it can be assess that emergence of social media has forced organizations to made considerable changes. However, no clear-cut solutions are provided by the studies through which organizations can implement effective decisions. Furthermore, several drawbacks also have been found on the excessive utilization of social media for gaining popularity in the market. For instance, saturation effect of social media can actually create huge amount of negative impact on the effectiveness of the decision-making procedure. Therefore, it highlighted the fact that organizations have to restructure its decision-making procedure in such a way so that it can able to minimize the possibility of organizational risks in the market. Research methodology: Research outline: As per the article by Treem Leonardi (2013), research outline helps the research study to cover all the factors related to the research study. The outline of the research study includes the factors like research philosophy, research approach, research design so that the research study can able to fulfill all the requirements of the research study. In this study, the focus will be on all the factors related to social media that can have impact on the decision-making procedure of the organizations. Thus, the research study will include positivism philosophy, deductive approach and descriptive design in order to fulfill all the requirements of the study. Research philosophy: As per the article by Chan Yazdanifard (2014), selection of research philosophy is crucial for the successful completion of the study. Generally, three types of research philosophies namely positivism, interpretivism and realism is used in the order to fulfill the requirements of the study. However, in order to evaluate the impact of social media on the decision-making procedure, the study will utilize positivism research philosophy. The study will focus on the utilization of positivism research philosophy so that it can evaluate all the factors related to social media in a much more effective way. Furthermore, utilization of positivism research philosophy allows the study to fulfill all the requirements of the study within the given timeframe. Research approach: According to Munar Jacobsen (2014), research approach is another significant part that can have huge impact on the success of a particular study. Traditionally, research approach can be separated in two parts namely inductive and deductive approach. However, in this study, the focus will be on the deductive research approach. Since, deductive research approach has the potential to identify all the factors that are affecting the decision-making procedure of an organization. Furthermore, deductive approach will induce the research study to consider different theories and concepts regarding the topic of the research study. Therefore, it helps the research study to have an in-depth analysis on several factors related to social media that influences the decision-making procedure of the organizations. Furthermore, deductive approach will help to implement effective process of research so that the study can able to fulfill all its objectives. On the other hand, the study will not focus on the utilization of inductive approach, as it will prolong the expected time that is required to fulfill all the factors of the study. Research design: As mentioned by Stieglitz Dang-Xuan (2013) research design is another important part or research methodology that has the potential to add value to the research study. Traditionally, research design can be separated in to three parts explanatory, exploratory and descriptive research design (Chen Sakamoto, 2013). In order to evaluate all the factors related to social media, the study will focus on the descriptive research design. The research study will utilize descriptive research design so that the study can able to define application and approaches. Furthermore, utilization of descriptive research design will help the research study to enhance the quality of the research study. Descriptive research design also helps the study to collect effective information regarding the research topic that eventually will create positive impact on the successful fulfillment of the research study. Furthermore, descriptive research design will also help the research study to identify future persp ectives of the factors that can have impact on the decision-making procedure of the organizations. Key variables and the process of measuring them: As per the article by Galan, Lawley Clements (2015) identification of key variables is critical for the successful completion of the research study. Since, it allows the research study to cover all the factors that can have impact on the decision-making procedure of the organizations. In order to identify the impact that emergence of social media on the organizational decision-making process, the study will also have to evaluate all the internal and external factors effectively. In this research study, social media can be regarded as independent factor. Conversely, decision-making procedure has to be regarded as the dependent factor of the study. Since, studies have established the fact that social media can have huge amount of impact on the decision-making procedure. Thus, the study will evaluate different marketing strategies that organizations utilize in social media in order to gain competitive advantage in the market. The study will able to evaluate all the marketing strategies of social media, as it will help to evaluate the independent factors of the research topic in an effective way. For instance, the study will focus on the identification of the changes that organizations have faced after the emergence of social media. This will help the research study to identify a trend that organizations follow in order to implement effective decision-making procedure. The study will also analyze organizational decision-making policies in order to identify the future-plan that organizations can utilize. The identification of future-plan actually help the research study to suggest a particular way so that it can able to fulfill the requirements of the organizations. Data collection and sampling technique: Data collection technique: As per the article by Goh, Heng Lin (2013) data collection is another significant factor that can have huge amount of impact on the successful completion of any particular study. Data collection allows the research study to collect relevant information regarding the research topic. In this research study, focus will be on the primary data collection procedure. Since, collection of primary data will allow the study to utilize practical information. The research study will also focus on the primary data collection procedure, as it will help the research study to identify different perspectives. As per the article by Yadav et al. (2013) primary data collection procedure can be utilized in two ways namely qualitative and quantitative data collection procedure. In this study, focus will be on both qualitative and quantitative data collection procedure in order to collect in-depth information about the research study. In this research study, survey technique will be utilized at the time o f quantitative data collection. The research study will consider formulation of questionnaire in order to collect quantitative information about the research study. The study will only include closed-end questions at the time of collecting quantitative data. The study will focus on the quantitative data collection procedure, as it will help the research study to identify a pattern regarding the kind of impact that emergence of social media can have on the decision-making procedure of the organizations. Furthermore, the research study will also consider qualitative data collection procedure in order to have in-depth information. The study will utilize another set of questionnaire at the time of collecting qualitative data. The study will only include open-end questions in order to have different perspectives of the respondents. In addition, utilization of qualitative data collection procedure will help to improve the quality of the research study. The study will utilize face-to-face conversation technique, as it can enhance the quality of the collected data. Sampling technique: As per the article by Rishika et al. (2013), data collection can only have its desired level of impact when the collected data is analyzed effectively. Therefore, research study also has to focus on the data analysis procedure in order to fulfill all the objectives of the research study. In order to utilize effective data analysis technique, the study will focus on the implementation of sampling technique. Traditionally, two types of sampling techniques including probability and non-probability sampling technique are used in the research studies (Kimmel Kitchen, 2014). However, in this study, the focus will be on the non-probability sampling technique. The research study will focus on the non-probability sampling technique, as it will allow the study to collect information from the relevant resources. Non-probability sampling technique allows the study will select 90 executive level professionals from different organizations in order to collect quantitative information about the res earch study. Furthermore, the study selects 15 managers from different organizations at the time of qualitative data. In addition, the study will utilize several statistical techniques to analyze all the factors related to social media that can have impact on the decision-making procedure of the organizations. In this research study, statistical tools like mean, median, mode will be utilized to fulfill all the objectives of the research. Furthermore, correlation, regression and standard deviation will also be utilized in order to add value to the outcome of the research study. Ethical issues: As per the article by Garrigos-Simon, Lapiedra Alcam Barber Ribera (2012) maintenance of ethics is crucial for the successful competition of the research study. Therefore, research studies always put huge amount of focus so that the ethics of the research study remains intact. Furthermore, maintenance of ethics will allow the research to study to have an unbiased outcome. Thus, in order to analyze the emergence of social media on the decision-making procedure of the organizations, the study will focus on the following ethical aspects: Confidentiality: Maintaining the privacy of the collected data is one of the major ethical factors that the research studies will have to consider in order to fulfill all the requirements of the study. Since, primary data is collected for this particular study; it will also have to maintain the confidentiality of the research study. Therefore, the research study will have to utilize the rules and regulation of the data protection act in order to maintain the confidentiality of the research study. The study will have to protect data from any public sources that are not related to the research study. Reliability: Reliability of the collected data is another important ethical aspect that the study will have to consider at the time of conducting research. However, the research study is utilizing non-probability sampling technique in order to identify the best possible persons for the collection primary data. Still, the study will have to make sure that the respondents are providing the actual information. Otherwise, the study might fail to describe the actual picture that emergence of social media can have on the decision-making procedure of the organizations. Verified source: According to Xie Lee (2014) identification of verified source is another important factor that the research study will have to consider at the time of conducting the primary data collection procedure. Therefore, the research study will have to ensure that the selected respondents are capable of providing in-depth information regarding the topic of the study. Furthermore, the study will also have to ensure that any external factors do not affect the responses of the respondents. Lack of secondary information: Utilization of social media is comparatively a new concept that organizations are considering in order to gain competitive advantage in the market. Therefore, the availability of specific secondary information is still not at the expected level. As a result, the study will have to assume the role of different factors and its impact on the decision-making process of the organization. Integrity: The research study will also have to focus on the maintenance of integrity of the respondents. Otherwise, the respondents might not feel to share their views about the research topic. As a result, it can actually create huge amount of negative impact on the successful fulfillment of all the factors. Expected outcomes: From the above discussion, it can be expected that the research study will be able to evaluate all the dependent and independent factors that can have impact on the decision-making procedure of the organizations. Furthermore, it is also expected that the research study will be able to suggest a particular way by which organizations can utilize all the factors to implement effective decision-making for gaining competitive advantage in the market. References: Aral, S., Dellarocas, C., Godes, D. (2013). Introduction to the special issue-social media and business transformation: A framework for research.Information Systems Research,24(1), 3-13. Bertot, J. C., Jaeger, P. T., Hansen, D. (2012). The impact of polices on government social media usage: Issues, challenges, and recommendations.Government information quarterly,29(1), 30-40. Chan, J. M., Yazdanifard, R. (2014). How social media marketing can influence the profitability of an online company from a consumer point of view.Journal of Research in Marketing,2(2), 157-160. Chen, R., Sakamoto, Y. (2013, January). Perspective matters: Sharing of crisis information in social media. InSystem Sciences (HICSS), 2013 46th Hawaii International Conference on(pp. 2033-2041). IEEE. Croteau, D., Hoynes, W. (2013).Media/society: Industries, images, and audiences. Sage Publications. Fotis, J., Buhalis, D., Rossides, N. (2012).Social media use and impact during the holiday travel planning process(pp. 13-24). Springer-Verlag. Galan, M., Lawley, M., Clements, M. (2015). Social media's use in postgraduate students' decision-making journey: an exploratory study.Journal of Marketing for Higher Education,25(2), 287-312. Garrigos-Simon, F. J., Lapiedra Alcam, R., Barber Ribera, T. (2012). Social networks and Web 3.0: their impact on the management and marketing of organizations.Management Decision,50(10), 1880-1890. Gensler, S., Vlckner, F., Liu-Thompkins, Y., Wiertz, C. (2013). Managing brands in the social media environment.Journal of Interactive Marketing,27(4), 242-256. Goh, K. Y., Heng, C. S., Lin, Z. (2013). 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(2013).Decision making with the analytic network process: economic, political, social and technological applications with benefits, opportunities, costs and risks(Vol. 195). Springer Science Business Media. Schroeder, A., Pennington-Gray, L. (2015). The role of social media in international tourists decision making.Journal of Travel Research,54(5), 584-595. Stieglitz, S., Dang-Xuan, L. (2013). Social media and political communication: a social media analytics framework.Social Network Analysis and Mining,3(4), 1277-1291. Treem, J. W., Leonardi, P. M. (2013). Social media use in organizations: Exploring the affordances of visibility, editability, persistence, and association.Annals of the International Communication Association,36(1), 143-189. Tsimonis, G., Dimitriadis, S. (2014). Brand strategies in social media.Marketing Intelligence Planning,32(3), 328-344. Venkataraman, S., Das, R. (2013). The influence of corporate social media on firm level strategic decision making: A preliminary exploration.International Journal of E-Business Research (IJEBR),9(1), 1-20. Wang, X., Yu, C., Wei, Y. (2012). Social media peer communication and impacts on purchase intentions: A consumer socialization framework.Journal of Interactive Marketing,26(4), 198-208. Xie, K., Lee, Y. J. (2014). Quantifying the Impact of Earned and Owned Social Media Exposures in a Two-stage Decision Making Model of Brand Purchase. Yadav, M. S., De Valck, K., Hennig-Thurau, T., Hoffman, D. L., Spann, M. (2013). Social commerce: a contingency framework for assessing marketing potential.Journal of Interactive Marketing,27(4), 311-323.

Intellectual property laws

Intellectual property laws have long been known to serve as market stabilizers. This function is especially achieved by getting rid of the low success rates for upstart companies occasioned by open systems that allow some people to use other individuals’ creations especially for intangible goods like what MoneyGram offers.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Intellectual property laws specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Intangible goods are generally viewed as an easy way for earning profits since not much investment is required in terms of physical assets as would be the case in institutions involved in production of tangible goods. Unfortunately, this intangibility has the drawback of it being easy for other people to reproduce the said intellectual creations without any limitations and in the process ‘stealing’ some of the clients from the initial innovators. In reality, the latter would be losing profits and customers that rightfully belong to them. Intellectual property rules and regulations are thus created to guide and stabilize the market eliminating counterfeits as well as to encourage innovative business ventures. This stability once established in a particular market helps reduce the risk associated with innovation. As long as rules are in place to protect the respective rights of the creator of a business idea, the more likely are his or her chances of success in the market. In the case of competition, these rules serve to ensure that the competitor does not illegally gain advantage by merely imitating the new product that has been brought into the market. The Brazilian market has been secured by the introduction of vital measures targeted at ensuring its stability. Corporation laws have over time been improved tremendously with the major aim being the promotion of cooperation among stakeholders as well as safeguarding the interests of minority shareholders . The Brazilian government has been at the forefront in the creation of suitable environments that encourage innovation of technology based institutions. Stability in such ventures however has been achieved by ensuring that the intellectual property strategies of the companies are well respected. This has been entrenched in the industrial property law that was instituted into the constitution of the country a few years ago. Developments in the legal systems of the land so the introduction of intellectual property and copyright measures particularly for software. A recent proposal is what is commonly referred to as the Innovation’s Law; a legal measure that is expected to support the transitioning business strategies from paper to the real market.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Brazilian federal agency for fostering innovation embodies rules and regulatio ns that guide how intellectual property rights will be used in the securing of contracts. This means that the agency promotes full refunding in case a contract is breached. This is particularly important for companies like MoneyGram which enter into the market without distinct goods to use as guarantees. While presenting the idea to the relevant state authorities for approval, care will be taken to ensure that a proper valuation of the new intangible assets being introduced into the market. The risks involved while going into the venture should be minimalized to ensure that decent gains are made from the project. Since Money Gram is already in operation in the country, the idea to introduce a multiple send currency remittance will be received as supportive intangible property to the entire enterprise. The ownership of this introduction will be on a third party basis and this is where the intellectual property laws will come in- to ensure that the innovators receive their due rights especially in terms of gains made from the idea. Trademark Protection The multiple send currency remittance feature that is set to be included to the Money Gram program is an independent and autonomous feature. It can therefore stand on its own as a subsidiary under the whole company and will therefore need to have identity features unique to it that will be used to distinguish it from other services offered by the company as well as competitors. A trademark needs to be registered for this service and this will include features such as the name of the service, a special logo created to distinguish the service, colors designated to be used in the logo. All these have to be registered in compliance with rules applicable within the country. When filing a trademark in Brazil, it is worth noting that the Industrial Property Law 9279/96 gives innovators the right to withhold information on what they intend to do with the trademark; at least until the time of registration (Garland, 1979). This is very important as it will ensure that intellectual property rights are respected by eliminating the situations that could lead to an individual’s idea being used elsewhere without his/her knowledge. The Brazilian property law also generally ensures that the first person to file the logo gets full rights to use it. However, article 129(1) allows for the individual who has been using a particular logo (or one similar to it) in good faith for a period of at least six months to have first priority (Gadbaw, Richards, 1988).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Intellectual property laws specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Once a trademark application has been filed, and a legally accepted analysis conducted, the trademark (logo or symbol) is posted on the bulletin board for a period of not less than two months. This will give a chance to anybody that would be willing to challenge the application a pe riod of 60 days in which to present their contention. If such contention is filed, it is once again posted on the bulletin board and the applicant is once again given a period of 60 days in which to respond to the opposition. If the answer submitted by the applicant is not satisfactory, the application will be turned down and the applicant allowed a further 60 days in which to submit an appeal. If an appeal is not filed within the stipulated time, the application is regarded as abandoned and the decision to reject it stands. On the other hand, if no contention for the trademark after the application has been posted on the bulletin board for a period of 60 days, a notice is posted on the board to alert the applicant that he or she has a period of 60 days in which to clear the issuance fees. If these fees are not paid within the specified time, the application is declared abandoned and is not allowed to pass through. Should the fees be paid on time, the final consenting authority allo wing for registration is published. In a period not exceeding 180 days, the opposing parties are allowed to seek nullification of registration. Once a trademark has been registered, it is associated to the person who registered for a period of ten years after which he or she is required to register afresh. If the trademark is not in use for a period of more than five consecutive years, it can be cancelled and therefore anyone willing to use it can file an application (Abbott, Cottier, Gurry, 1999). Once the relevant procedures seeking approval to commence delivery of the service have been cleared, a creative panel will be sought to come up with a unique trademark for the new feature of the Money Gram services and the appropriate registration procedures followed to consolidate its legality. Point of sale software As a new service within the MoneyGram franchise, the multiple send currency remittance feature will need the installation of new software to support its operation. These ar e programs that will basically support the transfer of various kinds of currencies from the same point without necessarily requiring for the service provider to go through rigorous currency exchange computations.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Since Moneygram already uses DeltaWorks software alongside Agent connect, it will not make much business sense to purchase them again. Instead an upgrade of the existing software is recommended in the various Agent locations. Computer programming service providers and software developers will be contracted to come up with additional software that can either be used alongside DeltWorks and AgentConnect software or if necessary integrated into the two. These software should have the capability to record an in-depth inventory of all the transactions made on the system as well as being easy enough for the average user in an agent location to perform these transactions effectively. The point of sale software to be used should be installed in both sender locations and on the receiver side in order to provide for accountability. It would actually not make sense to have the sender transfer funds in one currency only for the transaction to be halted because the recipient has no capacity to h andle completion of the funds transfer. The good thing about this product is that it does not involve the selling of tangible goods or clearly visible services. This means that the software which enables the transaction is most likely the only software needed at the point of sale. Elaborate software for analyzing the performance of the product in the market and analyzing the profits made in a given time will not be required at the point of sale and most of these functions will be studied at the head office of the company. SWOT Analysis Strengths The service to be introduced into the MoneyGram franchise particularly in Brazil has the primary strength of being completely new in the country. None of the competing companies offering money transfer services in Brazil have implemented a multiple send currency remittance feature in their service. This will make Money Gram a pioneer hence providing for the chance to not only secure clientele, but to also maintain customer loyalty in case co mpetition emerges in future. Another strength of this service and probably the more reason why it is bound to receive accreditation from MoneyGram is that it seeks to complement the services already being provided by the company. This service is also bound to be very attractive to regular users of money transfer services; most of whom have to undergo strenuous currency exchange procedures before transfers are made. Sometimes a lot of money is deducted from what they original had in order to pay for the exchange service (Terry, 2005). Aside from increasing the revenue earned by MoneyGram international, this service will make the company a competitive giant in the region. Weaknesses The main weakness of this service is that it is not the kind of product that yields profits immediately. The cost of setting up the new systems may be slightly on the higher side and MoneyGram International may not be willing to let its systems be interfered with in the process of implementing the upgrades . The project is also based on the premise that a lot of people are now immigrating to Brazil and the assumption is that they would wish to send money to their respective countries in the particular currency formats of these countries. It is however difficult to confirm that these clients will be willing to abandon service providers with whom they have established some degree of loyalty for an off-paper service that has yet to prove itself in the market. Finally, the project is based on the assumption that the number of multiple send currency remittance requests will be sufficient enough to support the service as a self standing department of Money Gram International. Opportunities The opportunities that guide this service include the very fact that the migration of people from countries bordering Brazil into the country is on a rapid upward trend. This means that once the program has been unfolded, the new immigrants will find it the most convenient of all money transfer services a vailable. The project will capitalize on the newly introduced funding systems introduced by the Brazilian government to fund developing ventures within the country. This will help reduce the burden of funding thus giving the service more chances of picking up in the market. Unlike an exclusively start up company, this service will depend on infrastructure already installed by Money Gram international. It will also initially rely on the current MoneyGram clientele to spread the word. This therefore means that most of the resources that would have been redirected to equipment purchase would be used to perfect the development of the project-a factor that will immensely contribute to its success. Threats The major threat to any new innovation is imitation. This will unavoidably present once the service has been proven successful, and competitors begin to see MoneyGram International as a company begin to ‘snatch’ clientele from them. The rules in Brazil like in any other par t of the world are not entirely water tight. They come with loopholes that competitors can capitalize on to create a remarkably similar product but change a few aspects and patent it as a new service altogether. Luckily, since this is an entirely new innovation in the country, the company can count on customer loyalty based on the assumption that an imitation can never be totally as good as the original. As much as money transfer services are gaining ground in Brazil, so are banking systems. There is a very big possibility that in the prospective future most of the immigrants will prefer to directly transfer funds from their accounts to bank accounts in their destination countries. These threats however are not sealed and ways to circumvent them will develop as the service gets into the market. Reference List Abbott, F.M., Cottier, T., Gurry, F. (1999).The international intellectual property  system: commentary and materials. Netherlands: Kluwer Law International. Gadbaw, R.M., Richards, T.J. (1988). Intellectual property rights: global consensus,  global conflict? San Francisco: Westview Press. Garland, P.G. (1978). Doing business in and with Brazil. Brasilia: Banco Lar Brasileiro. Terry, F.D. (2005). Beyond small change: making migrant remittances count.  Washington: Inter-American Development Bank This research paper on Intellectual property laws was written and submitted by user Abrielle Anthony to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.